At a glance
- Farming depends on the monsoon, so output swings from year to year: the state's food-grain output was 240.93 lakh t in 2023-24 and 309.62 lakh t in 2024-25.
- Bajra is the main kharif food grain and wheat the main rabi one: in 2023-24 wheat made 49.88% and bajra 18.29% of the state's food-grain output.
- Rajasthan was first in India in rape and mustard, bajra and total oilseeds in each year from 2021-22 to 2023-24, and first in guar in every year shown; in nutri-cereals it was second in 2021-22 and first in the next two years.
Kharif, rabi and zaid
| Season | Sowing and harvest | Main crops in Rajasthan |
|---|---|---|
| Kharif | Grown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in September–October | Bajra, jowar, maize, rice, moong, moth, urad, chaula, guar, groundnut, sesamum, soyabean, cotton, sugarcane |
| Rabi | Sown in winter, October to December, and harvested in summer, April to June | Wheat, barley, gram, masoor, rape and mustard, taramira, cumin, coriander, methi, isabgol |
| Zaid | A short season in the summer months between rabi and kharif; across India, watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder | "Zaid rabi": jowar, bajra, maize, moong, chaula, fruits and vegetables, groundnut, tobacco, small millets, spices, fodder |
Oilseeds grow in both seasons: groundnut, sesamum, soyabean and castor seed in kharif; rape and mustard, taramira and linseed in rabi.
Zones and soils
The ten agro-climatic zones are on the Climate notes, and the soils and main crops of each zone on the Soils notes.
Rajasthan's rank among the states
The share is Rajasthan's part of India's production. A blank cell means the crop is not in that edition's table.
| Crop | 2021-22 (Economic Review 2023-24) | 2022-23 (Economic Review 2024-25) | 2023-24 (Economic Review 2025-26) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rape and mustard | 1st; 46.63% | 1st; 46.13% | 1st; 43.43% |
| Bajra | 1st; 38.98% | 1st; 44.66% | 1st; 41.34% |
| Total oilseeds | 1st; 22.25% | 1st; 22.78% | 1st; 23.61% |
| Guar | 1st; 87.69% (2020-21) | 1st; 90.36% | 1st; 88.80% |
| Nutri-cereals (coarse cereals) | 2nd, after Karnataka; 13.89% | 1st; 15.66% | 1st; 14.21% |
| Groundnut | 2nd, after Gujarat; 16.83% | 2nd, after Gujarat; 18.76% | 2nd, after Gujarat; 19.91% |
| Gram | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; 19.28% | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; 14.75% | 3rd, after Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra; 17.39% |
| Total pulses | 3rd, after Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra; 14.51% | 3rd, after Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra; 13.88% | 3rd, after Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra; 13.76% |
| Soyabean | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; 7.12% | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; 8.05% | 3rd, after Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra; 8.96% |
| Jowar | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Karnataka; 12.67% | 3rd, after Maharashtra and Karnataka; 14.87% |
Kharif crops, 2023-24
Area is the gross cropped area in lakh hectares; production is in lakh tonnes (cotton as lint). Leading districts are the three largest producers in the state's district production table. For most kharif crops that table shows no output of their own for the districts formed in 2023, so their crops are counted in the districts they came from: Khairthal-Tijara's in Alwar, Kotputli-Behror's in Jaipur and Alwar, Deeg's in Bharatpur, Didwana-Kuchaman's in Nagaur, Beawar's in Ajmer, Salumbar's in Udaipur, Balotra's in Barmer and Phalodi's in Jodhpur.
| Crop | Area (lakh ha) | Production (lakh t) | Leading districts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bajra | 42.88 | 44.07 | Alwar, Jaipur, Barmer |
| Guar (guarseed) | 28.82 | 14.80 | Bikaner, Hanumangarh, Sri Ganganagar |
| Moong | 23.64 | 8.12 | Nagaur, Pali, Sri Ganganagar |
| Soyabean | 11.26 | 12.98 | Jhalawar, Baran, Kota |
| Cotton | 10.04 | 4.46 | Hanumangarh and Sri Ganganagar have the most area |
| Moth | 9.32 | 3.51 | Barmer, Bikaner, Churu |
| Groundnut | 8.91 | 20.35 | Bikaner, Jodhpur, Churu |
| Maize | 8.81 | 21.02 | Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Udaipur |
| Jowar | 5.09 | 4.51 | Ajmer, Bhilwara, Tonk |
| Rice | 2.68 | 7.46 | Bundi, Hanumangarh, Kota |
| Castor seed | 2.23 | 3.25 | Jalore, Sirohi, Barmer |
| Sesamum (til) | 2.12 | 0.71 | Pali, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli |
Rabi crops, 2023-24
Units as in the kharif table. In the rabi tables the districts formed in 2023 have their own figures.
| Crop | Area (lakh ha) | Production (lakh t) | Leading districts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rape and mustard | 40.01 | 62.94 | Bikaner, Sri Ganganagar, Tonk |
| Wheat | 31.06 | 120.17 | Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bundi |
| Gram | 17.75 | 19.19 | Ajmer, Churu, Jaipur |
| Cumin | 10.13 | 6.26 | Barmer, Jodhpur, Phalodi, Jaisalmer (the last three close together) |
| Barley | 2.83 | 10.36 | Sri Ganganagar, Jaipur, Sikar |
| Taramira | 1.74 | 0.90 | Nagaur, Jaisalmer, Pali |
| Fenugreek (methi) | 0.78 | 1.02 | Bikaner, Churu, Phalodi |
| Fennel (saunf) | 0.72 | 0.77 | Nagaur, Sirohi, Jhunjhunu |
| Coriander | 0.68 | 0.97 | Jhalawar, Kota, Baran |
Land under crops, 2023-24
| Reporting area | 342.74 lakh ha |
|---|---|
| Net area sown | 181.98 lakh ha, 53.10% of the reporting area |
| Gross cropped area | 276.96 lakh ha |
| Area sown more than once | 94.98 lakh ha |
| Cropping intensity | 152.19 (gross area sown as a percentage of net area sown) |
| Culturable waste land | 35.17 lakh ha, 10.26% of the reporting area |
| Current fallow | 17.30 lakh ha, 5.05% of the reporting area |
Water for the crops, 2023-24
The net irrigated area was 95.47 lakh ha, 52.46% of the net area sown; the gross irrigated area was 129.60 lakh ha. Kota had the highest share of its net sown area irrigated (99.11%) and Balotra the lowest (8.02%). Rape and mustard took 28.67% of the gross irrigated area, wheat 23.89% and cotton 7.53%.
| Source | Net irrigated area (lakh ha) | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Tube-wells | 49.68 | 52.03% |
| Canals | 22.15 | 23.19% |
| Open wells | 20.95 | 21.95% |
| Tanks | 0.51 | 0.54% |
| Other sources | 2.18 | 2.29% |
Spices and horticulture
Ramganj Mandi in Kota district is often called the coriander city. The Spices Board's Spices Park there is for seed spices, especially coriander and cumin, on 30 acres the state allotted in September 2010.
| Centre of Excellence | Crop | Set up under |
|---|---|---|
| Kota | Citrus (kinnow and mandarin) | India–Israel cooperation; listed as completed in 2021 |
| Bassi (Jaipur) | Pomegranate | India–Israel cooperation; listed as completed in 2021 |
| Sagra-Bhojka (Jaisalmer) | Date palm | India–Israel cooperation; listed as completed in 2021 |
| Devdawas (Tonk) | Guava | The state government, with Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana funds, in 2014-15 |
| Khemri (Dholpur) | Mango |
Remember: often mixed up
- Cuminin the Spices Board's state tables Gujarat was ahead of Rajasthan in 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 and Rajasthan ahead in 2022-23. For 2023-24 the Spices Board's first advance estimate for Rajasthan (3.40 lakh t from 6.56 lakh ha) is about half the state's final figure in the rabi table, so "first in cumin" needs a year and a source.
- Guara kharif crop that the state's tables list under fodder crops, not under pulses.
- CorianderRamganj Mandi (Kota) is the market, but in 2023-24 Jhalawar grew the most.
- NarmaBikaneri Narma is an American cotton variety in the state's approved package of practices (desi cotton: RG 8 and RG 18); in 2023-24 most narma reached the mandis of Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh.
Test yourself: asked in exams
BSTC 2026 (shift I) · Q95
According to the data of 2022-23, which position did Rajasthan have in Soybean production?
- (1)First
- (2)Second
- (3)Third
- (4)Fourth
Show answer
✓ (3) Third
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2022 · Q58
Maize is produced largely in which part of Rajasthan?
- (1)South and South East
- (2)Central
- (3)Eastern
- (4)Northern
Show answer
✓ (1) South and South East
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2022 · Q87
What is the place of Rajasthan in the production of groundnut in India?
- (1)Second
- (2)First
- (3)Third
- (4)Fourth
Show answer
✓ (1) Second
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2024 · Q7
Given below are two statements: Statement (I) : Gram is grown as “Rabi” crop in Rajasthan. Statement (II) : Oilseeds are grown both in “Rabi” and “Kharif” seasons in Rajasthan. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- (1)Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
- (2)Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
- (3)Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
- (4)Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Show answer
✓ (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2024 · Q16
‘Narma’ is associated with which crop in Rajasthan?
- (1)Jute
- (2)Cotton
- (3)Tea
- (4)Coffee
Show answer
✓ (2) Cotton
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2024 · Q80
Which of the following districts of Rajasthan is famous for the highest production of wheat in year 2022-23 in the state ?
- (1)Sri Ganganagar
- (2)Jaisalmer
- (3)Bundi
- (4)Kota
Show answer
✓ (1) Sri Ganganagar
See the full paperCET Graduation Level 2024 · Q122
Ramganj Mandi, also known as coriander city, is situated near which of the following cities of Rajasthan?
- (1)Jodhpur
- (2)Udaipur
- (3)Sriganganagar
- (4)Kota
Show answer
✓ (4) Kota
See the full paperProtection Officer 2024 · Q74
In the production of which crop did Rajasthan contribute more than ninety percent to the country's total production in 2022-23 as per 'Economic Review' (2024-25)?
- (1)Bajra
- (2)Jowar
- (3)Rapeseed and Mustard
- (4)Guar
Show answer
✓ (4) Guar
See the full paperRAS Prelims 2024 · Q6
In the year 2021-22, contribution of Rajasthan in total production of Bajra in the country (in percentage) was
- (1)46.30
- (2)87.69
- (3)38.98
- (4)34.69
Show answer
✓ (3) 38.98
See the full paperRAS Prelims 2024 · Q43
In List–I, the names of agricultural crops are given and in List–II, the names of the states which stood first in the production of these crops in 2021-22 are given. Match them by using codes : List–I — List–II A. Nutricereals — i. Rajasthan B. Total pulses — ii. Karnataka C. Groundnut — iii. Madhya Pradesh D. Soyabean — iv. Maharashtra v. Gujarat Codes :
- (1)A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
- (2)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
- (3)A-ii, B-iii, C-v, D-iv
- (4)A-iv, B-v, C-ii, D-iii
Show answer
✓ (3) A-ii, B-iii, C-v, D-iv
See the full paperRAS Prelims 2024 · Q76
Match Column-I (Location of the Center of Excellence) with Column-II (the horticultural crop) and select the correct answer using the codes given below : Column-I — Column-II A. Bassi — (i) Mango B. Sagra Bhojka — (ii) Custard-apple C. Devrawas — (iii) Pomegranate D. Khemri — (iv) Guava (v) Date-palm
- (1)A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(v)
- (2)A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
- (3)A-(iii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(i)
- (4)A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(v), D-(i)
Show answer
✓ (3) A-(iii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(i)
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