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Science & Environment Current Affairs 2026

35 items from the weekly pages and monthly round-ups, newest first, each with its exam angle and source.

28 September – 4 October 2026

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India's first PRAMAAN forest certificates go to Andhra Pradesh Forest Development Corporation, Odisha farmer

On 29 September 2026, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav handed over India's first PRAMAAN certificates under the Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (IFWCS) in New Delhi. They went to the Andhra Pradesh Forest Development Corporation for 33,000 hectares of plantations and to Govind Mohapatra, a farmer with the Odisha Bamboo Development Agency. The Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, is the scheme's operating agency; IFWCS was launched in December 2023.

Exam angleScheme (IFWCS); operating agency IIFM Bhopal; first recipients

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)DD India (opens in a new tab)

India–Kazakhstan exercise KAZIND-2026 (9th edition) held at Oskemen from 28 September

The ninth edition of the India–Kazakhstan joint military exercise KAZIND is being held at Oskemen, Kazakhstan, from 28 September to 11 October 2026. The 60-member Indian contingent is drawn mainly from a battalion of the Garhwal Rifles, with Indian Air Force personnel. It aims to improve joint counter-terrorism operations in a sub-conventional setting under a United Nations mandate.

Exam anglePartner country and venue (Oskemen); Indian regiment

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)News On AIR (opens in a new tab)

September 2026: monthly round-up

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Project Cheetah completes four years; India has 52 cheetahs, 32 of them born in India

Project Cheetah completed four years on 17 September 2026; the first cheetahs from Namibia were released in India on 17 September 2022. India now has 52 cheetahs, including 32 born in the country – 49 in Kuno National Park and 3 in Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary. Cheetahs have been brought from Namibia (2022), South Africa (2023) and Botswana (2026).

Exam angleCheetah sites (Kuno, Gandhi Sagar); total count after four years

Source:DD India (opens in a new tab)

World Ozone Day 2026: India's Net Zero Portal and NAPCC Dashboard launched

On World Ozone Day, 16 September 2026, Minister of State for Environment Kirti Vardhan Singh launched India's Net Zero Portal and the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) Dashboard. The Net Zero Portal lets organisations register voluntary climate commitments and report greenhouse gas emissions. The NAPCC Dashboard tracks the progress of the national climate missions in one place.

Exam angleWorld Ozone Day date (16 Sept); portals launched

Source:DD India (opens in a new tab)

GSLV-F17 launches EOS-05, India's first imaging satellite for geosynchronous orbit, on 4 September

ISRO's GSLV-F17 lifted off from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at 2:55 am on 4 September 2026, carrying the 2,367-kg EOS-05. It is India's first imaging satellite designed to work from geosynchronous orbit (about 36,000 km), giving real-time imagery for agriculture and disaster management. It replaces the EOS-03 satellite lost in the failed GSLV-F10 mission of 2021.

Exam angleEOS-05: launch vehicle, orbit type, satellite it replaces

Source:DD India (opens in a new tab)

August 2026: monthly round-up

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NASA launches Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope to study dark energy, dark matter and exoplanets

On 30 August 2026, NASA launched the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The roughly $4-billion observatory will work near Lagrange Point 2 to study dark energy and dark matter, search for exoplanets and map over two billion galaxies. It is named after astronomer Nancy Grace Roman.

Exam angleRoman telescope: Falcon Heavy; L2; dark energy

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

Agni-4 ballistic missile successfully test-fired from Chandipur, Odisha

On 6 August 2026, India successfully test-fired the Agni-4 ballistic missile from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur, Odisha, under the Strategic Forces Command. The missile has a range of up to 4,000 km. The test validated all operational and technical parameters, and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh called it a 'textbook mission'.

Exam angleAgni-4 range up to 4,000 km; test site Chandipur

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

Glaw Lake in Kamlang Tiger Reserve becomes India's 101st Ramsar site, Arunachal Pradesh's first

On 3 August 2026, Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced that Glaw Lake in Arunachal Pradesh had been designated a Ramsar site, India's 101st and the state's first wetland of international importance. The freshwater lake lies in the Eastern Himalayas within the Kamlang Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary and supports more than 150 tree species and 49 orchid species. India had 26 Ramsar sites in 2014.

Exam angle101st Ramsar site; first in Arunachal Pradesh

Sources:AIR News (newsonair) (opens in a new tab)DD News (opens in a new tab)

July 2026: monthly round-up

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Skyroot's Vikram-1 becomes India's first privately developed orbital rocket

On 18 July 2026, Hyderabad-based Skyroot Aerospace launched Vikram-1 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, under 'Mission Aagaman', and placed payloads in orbit. It is India's first privately developed orbital rocket, making India the third country with private orbital launch capability. The rocket is named after Vikram Sarabhai.

Exam angleFirst private orbital rocket: company and name

Source:Akashvani News (opens in a new tab)

INS Mahendragiri, sixth Project 17A stealth frigate, commissioned at Visakhapatnam

On 11 July 2026, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh commissioned INS Mahendragiri into the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam. It is the sixth stealth frigate built under Project 17A and has over 75% indigenous content. It carries BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles.

Exam angleProject 17A; ship's place in the class

Source:Akashvani News (opens in a new tab)

CAMPA approves ₹3,000-crore Aastha Van Sanrakshan Yojana to protect 15,000 sacred groves

The 7th Governing Body meeting of National CAMPA, chaired by Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav at Coimbatore in July 2026, approved the Aastha Van Sanrakshan Yojana. With an initial corpus of ₹3,000 crore for 2026-27 to 2030-31, it aims to protect and restore about 15,000 sacred groves ('Aastha Vans'). The meeting also extended the MISHTI mangrove programme till 2029.

Exam angleScheme for sacred groves: name and target

Sources:The Pioneer (opens in a new tab)The Statesman (opens in a new tab)

June 2026: monthly round-up

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PM commissions Navy ships Dunagiri, Sanshodhak and Agray, all built by GRSE, in Kolkata

On 21 June 2026 in Kolkata, PM Narendra Modi commissioned three indigenously built Indian Navy ships made by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE). They are INS Dunagiri, the fifth Project 17A stealth frigate; INS Sanshodhak, the fourth Survey Vessel (Large); and INS Agray, the fourth Arnala-class anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft. All were designed by the Navy's Warship Design Bureau, with over 75% indigenous content.

Exam angleDunagiri = Project 17A frigate; builder GRSE Kolkata

Sources:PM India (opens in a new tab)DD News (opens in a new tab)

MNRE launches WT-MARUT, India's first wind turbine supply chain portal, on Global Wind Day

On 15 June 2026, at the Global Wind Day conference in Goa, Union Minister Pralhad Joshi launched WT-MARUT, India's first dedicated wind turbine supply chain management portal, developed under MNRE with support from the Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association. India added a record 6.1 GW of wind capacity in 2025-26, and its installed wind capacity of over 56.1 GW is the world's fourth-largest.

Exam angleWT-MARUT portal; India's wind capacity 56.1 GW, 4th in world

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

DRDO flight-tests multi-layered ballistic missile defence and maiden test of NASM-MR

On 10–11 June 2026 DRDO carried out three consecutive flight-tests showing a multi-layered Ballistic Missile Defence capability, with interceptors hitting their targets. The Defence Ministry said India has joined the small group of nations with BMD able to engage up to intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Naval Anti-Ship Missile–Medium Range (NASM-MR) also had its maiden flight-test.

Exam angleMulti-layered BMD up to ICBM class; NASM-MR maiden test

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

DRDO and IAF flight-test indigenous RudraM-II air-to-surface missile

On 2 June 2026 DRDO and the Indian Air Force successfully flight-tested the indigenous RudraM-II air-to-surface missile from an airborne platform under extreme release conditions; it hit its target with pinpoint accuracy. Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad, was the nodal lab, and the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur tracked the flight.

Exam angleRudraM-II: air-to-surface; nodal lab RCI Hyderabad

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

May 2026: monthly round-up

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IMD cuts monsoon forecast to 90% of LPA (below normal) as El Niño develops

On 29 May 2026 the India Meteorological Department issued its second-stage forecast, putting June-September monsoon rainfall at 90% of the Long Period Average (LPA), with a model error of ±4%. This is in the 'below normal' category and lower than the April forecast of 92%. IMD expects El Niño conditions to develop and strengthen during the season.

Exam angleForecast % of LPA; El Niño link

Sources:AIR / newsonair (opens in a new tab)Khaleej Times (opens in a new tab)

Foundation laid for AMCA integration and flight-testing facility at Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh

On 15 May 2026 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu laid the foundation of a facility for the fifth-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) at Puttaparthi, Sri Sathya Sai district. It will be an integration, development and flight-testing hub for India's indigenous stealth fighter. The project is worth about Rs 15,800 crore.

Exam angleAMCA full form; facility location

Sources:AIR / newsonair (opens in a new tab)India TV News (opens in a new tab)

DRDO runs full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor for over 1,200 seconds

On 9 May 2026 DRDO's Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL) ran its Actively Cooled Full Scale Scramjet Combustor for over 1,200 seconds at the Scramjet Connect Pipe Test facility in Hyderabad. The earlier test in January 2026 had run for over 700 seconds. It used an indigenous liquid hydrocarbon endothermic fuel and is key to hypersonic cruise missiles.

Exam angleScramjet run-time; lab and city

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)DD News (opens in a new tab)

Advanced Agni missile with MIRV system flight-tested from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island

On 8 May 2026 India carried out a successful flight-trial of an Advanced Agni missile with a Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) system from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. Its multiple payloads hit different targets spread over a large area in the Indian Ocean Region. The missile was developed by DRDO laboratories with Indian industry.

Exam angleFull form of MIRV; test site

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)AIR / newsonair (opens in a new tab)

April 2026: monthly round-up

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Sixth Project 17A stealth frigate 'Mahendragiri' delivered to the Indian Navy

Mahendragiri, the sixth Nilgiri-class (Project 17A) stealth frigate, was delivered to the Indian Navy at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders, Mumbai, on 30 April 2026. It is the fourth P17A ship built by MDL. Six P17A frigates have been delivered in under 17 months, starting with Nilgiri on 20 December 2024.

Exam angleProject 17A (Nilgiri class): Mahendragiri is 6th ship delivered

Sources:Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (opens in a new tab)The Pioneer (opens in a new tab)

Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary in Aligarh becomes India's 99th Ramsar site

On 22 April 2026 Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced that Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, had been designated a Ramsar site. This took India's total to 99 and Uttar Pradesh's to 12. The wetland is a stopover on the Central Asian Flyway for migratory birds such as bar-headed geese and painted storks.

Exam angle99th Ramsar site: Shekha Jheel (Aligarh, UP); UP has 12

Sources:Swarajya (opens in a new tab)Mongabay India (opens in a new tab)

NASA's Artemis II crew splashes down after 10-day crewed flight around the Moon

NASA's Artemis II, launched on 1 April 2026, splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on 10 April 2026. Its crew — Commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Canada's Jeremy Hansen — made a record-breaking lunar flyby in the Orion capsule, travelling farther from Earth than any humans before.

Exam angleArtemis II: Orion capsule, 4 crew incl. Canada's Jeremy Hansen

Source:Jamaica Gleaner (AP) (opens in a new tab)

500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam attains first criticality

The 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, attained first criticality at 8:25 pm on 6 April 2026. Designed by IGCAR and built by BHAVINI, it uses uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel and liquid sodium as coolant. It marks the second stage of India's three-stage nuclear power programme, a bridge to thorium-based reactors.

Exam anglePFBR: 500 MWe, MOX fuel, sodium coolant; stage 2 of nuclear programme

Source:Department of Atomic Energy (opens in a new tab)

March 2026: monthly round-up

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World Air Quality Report 2025: India 6th most polluted country; Loni (UP) most polluted city

IQAir's World Air Quality Report 2025, released on 25 March 2026, ranked India the sixth most polluted country, with an average PM2.5 level of 48.9 µg/m³, almost ten times the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³. Loni in Uttar Pradesh was the world's most polluted city at 112.5 µg/m³, and 66 of the 100 most polluted cities were in India. New Delhi was again the most polluted capital.

Exam angleMost polluted city: Loni; India 6th; WHO PM2.5 limit 5 µg/m³

Sources:Onmanorama (opens in a new tab)The Wire (opens in a new tab)

Omspace launches Gujarat's first sounding rocket near Dholera

On 14 March 2026 Ahmedabad-based start-up Omspace Rocket and Exploration launched Gujarat's first sounding rocket from a temporary launch complex at Dholera. The single-stage sub-orbital rocket reached about 3 km. The launch was authorised by IN-SPACe and carried out under the Gujarat Spacetech Policy 2025-2030.

Exam angleGujarat's first sounding rocket; private firm Omspace; Dholera

Source:AIR News (opens in a new tab)

First phase of Science City, Guwahati inaugurated on 82 acres

On 10 March 2026 Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma inaugurated the first phase of Science City, Guwahati, spread over 82 acres. It has a Eureka building with VR and digital galleries, a Space Odyssey building with an astronomy gallery, and an Omni Theatre showing a 360-degree film on Lachit Barphukan. It was built by the National Council of Science Museums under the Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science.

Exam angleBuilt by NCSM; Omni Theatre film on Lachit Barphukan

Source:NCSM (Ministry of Culture) (opens in a new tab)

February 2026: monthly round-up

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Nine cheetahs from Botswana reach Kuno; India's cheetah count rises to 48

On 28 February 2026, Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced the arrival of nine cheetahs (six females and three males) from Botswana at Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh, under Project Cheetah. India now has 48 cheetahs, including 28 India-born cubs.

Exam angleTotal cheetahs 48; 28 India-born

Source:AIR News (opens in a new tab)

President reviews International Fleet Review 2026 off Visakhapatnam: 71 vessels, theme 'United through Oceans'

On 18 February 2026, President Droupadi Murmu, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, reviewed the International Fleet Review (IFR) 2026 off Visakhapatnam from the Presidential Yacht INS Sumedha. She inspected 71 vessels, including 45 Indian Navy ships and 19 visiting foreign warships. The IFR theme was 'United through Oceans'; it was held alongside the multilateral exercise MILAN 2026.

Exam angleIFR 2026 theme; Presidential Yacht INS Sumedha

Sources:AIR News (opens in a new tab)PIB (opens in a new tab)

DRDO completes qualification load test of Gaganyaan drogue parachute in Chandigarh

On 18 February 2026, DRDO, with ISRO and the Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment, carried out a successful qualification-level load test of the drogue parachute for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme in Chandigarh. The test used loads higher than the maximum flight loads, showing an extra safety margin. Drogue parachutes slow and steady the crew module before the main parachutes open.

Exam angleGaganyaan drogue parachute test, Chandigarh

Source:AIR News (opens in a new tab)

January 2026: monthly round-up

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Bhairav Battalion and 'Suryastra' rocket launcher make their Republic Day parade debut

At the 77th Republic Day parade on 26 January 2026, the Army's 4 Bhairav Battalion of the Sikh Light Infantry, raised in October 2025 to bridge the gap between conventional infantry and special forces, made its Republic Day debut. The 'Suryastra' universal rocket launcher, able to strike at ranges of 150 km and 300 km, was also shown at the parade for the first time, along with a phased battle array formation.

Exam angleSuryastra strike ranges; Bhairav Battalion's role

Source:DD News (opens in a new tab)

PSLV-C62 carrying EOS-N1 fails after an anomaly near the end of its third stage

ISRO's PSLV-C62 lifted off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, on 12 January 2026 carrying the EOS-N1 earth observation satellite and 15 co-passenger satellites; it was NewSpace India Limited's 9th dedicated commercial mission. Close to the end of the third (PS3) stage, a higher disturbance in roll rates and a deviation in the flight path were observed, and the mission failed to place its satellites in orbit.

Exam angleMain satellite of PSLV-C62; stage where the anomaly occurred

Sources:ISRO (opens in a new tab)AIR / newsonair (opens in a new tab)Business Today (opens in a new tab)

Kerala renames Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary as Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, India's first

In January 2026, Kerala renamed the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kannur district as the Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, making it India's first sanctuary dedicated to butterflies. The 55 sq km sanctuary, set up in 1984 in the Western Ghats, records 266 of Kerala's 327 butterfly species, 27 of them endemic to the Western Ghats.

Exam angleIndia's first butterfly sanctuary: name, district and state

Source:ETV Bharat (opens in a new tab)

December 2025: monthly round-up

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DRDO conducts maiden flight test of 120 km Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket at Chandipur

On 29 December 2025, DRDO conducted the maiden flight test of the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120) at the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur (Odisha), for its maximum range of 120 km. It was fired from the in-service Pinaka launcher and hit the target precisely. The rocket was designed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment with the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory.

Exam anglePinaka LRGR range (120 km) and test site (Chandipur)

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)AIR / newsonair (opens in a new tab)

President Droupadi Murmu takes a dived sortie on submarine INS Vaghsheer off Karwar

On 28 December 2025, President Droupadi Murmu embarked the Kalvari-class submarine INS Vaghsheer at Karwar Naval Harbour, Karnataka, and spent over two hours on a dived sortie on the Western Seaboard. Navy chief Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi accompanied her. She became the second President to sail in a submarine, after Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

Exam angleSecond President on a submarine sortie; Kalvari-class INS Vaghsheer

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)DD News (opens in a new tab)

LVM3-M6 places BlueBird Block-2, heaviest satellite launched from Indian soil, in low Earth orbit

On 24 December 2025, ISRO's LVM3-M6 lifted off from Sriharikota and placed the BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite of US-based AST SpaceMobile into low Earth orbit. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan called it the heaviest satellite launched from Indian soil by an Indian launcher and the third fully commercial LVM3 mission. The satellite is meant to give direct-to-mobile broadband from space.

Exam angleHeaviest payload from India; commercial LVM3 mission

Sources:PIB (opens in a new tab)ISRO (opens in a new tab)