At a glance
- Sultanate years: Ranthambore 1301, Chittor 1303, Siwana 1308, Jalore 1311.
- Mughal years: Khanwa 1527, Chittor 1568, Ranthambore 1569, Haldighati 1576, Mewar treaty 1615.
- Raj Singh of Mewar against Aurangzeb (the jizya of 1679): see the Mewar page.
Sultanate campaigns, one line each
| Year | What happened | Where it is told |
|---|---|---|
| 1191, 1192 | Tarain: Muhammad of Ghor lost to Prithviraj III in 1191 and won in 1192 | Chauhans |
| From 1226 | Iltutmish besieged Ranthambore and made its ruler accept Delhi's overlordship | Chauhans |
| 1301 | Alauddin Khalji took Ranthambore; Hammir died fighting | Chauhans |
| 1303 | Alauddin Khalji took Chittor from Ratan Singh | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
| 1308 | Alauddin Khalji took Siwana | Chauhans |
| 1311 | Alauddin Khalji took Jalore; Kanhaddev died fighting | Chauhans |
| Khalji and Tughluq times | Jaisalmer's first and second sakas | Other dynasties (Bhatis) |
| 1433–1468 (Kumbha's reign) | Kumbha fought the sultans of Malwa and Gujarat | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
Mughal period: battles and events
| Year | What happened | Where it is told |
|---|---|---|
| 1527 | Khanwa: Babur defeated Rana Sanga | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
| 1534 | Rao Jaitsi of Bikaner defeated Kamran, Humayun's brother | Rathores |
| 1535 | Bahadur Shah of Gujarat took Chittor | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
| 1544 | Giri-Sumel: Sher Shah Suri against Maldev's army (Sher Shah was a Sur ruler, not a Mughal) | Rathores |
| 1568 | Akbar took Chittor | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
| 1569 | Akbar took Ranthambore; Surjan Hada surrendered the fort | Other dynasties (Hadas) |
| 1570 | Akbar's court at Nagaur: Kalyanmal of Bikaner accepted Mughal rule, and Har Raj of Jaisalmer also submitted; Chandrasen of Marwar came and left | Rathores; Other dynasties (Bhatis) |
| 1576 | Haldighati: Akbar's army against Maharana Pratap | Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) |
| 1665 | Purandar: Mirza Raja Jai Singh besieged it for the Mughals and made a treaty with Shivaji | Kachhwahas |
| 1678–79 | Jaswant Singh died at Jamrud (1678); the Rathore war over Marwar began | Rathores |
| 1707 | After Aurangzeb died, the Rathores took Jodhpur back from the Mughals | Rathores |
Mughal policy toward the Rajputs
- Akbar: the families of Rajput wives got high ranks in the nobility, but he did not make marriage a condition; there was none with the Hadas of Ranthambore.
- Jizya: Akbar abolished it in 1564; Aurangzeb brought it back in 1679.
- Aurangzeb: after Jaswant Singh's death he took Marwar under Mughal control and gave its tika to Inder Singh. The Rathore sardars led by Durgadas crowned Jaswant Singh's posthumous son Ajit Singh. Raj Singh of Mewar backed the Rathores' cause, and Aurangzeb attacked Mewar (1679).
Marriages and treaties
| Rajput side | Mughal side | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Bharmal of Amer: daughter Harkha Bai (later Mariam-uz-Zamani), mother of Jahangir | Akbar | 1562 |
| Bhagwant Das of Amer: daughter Manbai, mother of Khusrau | Prince Salim (Jahangir) | 1585 |
| Mota Raja Udai Singh of Jodhpur: daughter Jagat Gosain (Jodha Bai), mother of Khurram | Prince Salim (Jahangir) | 1587 by the RBSE book and G.N. Sharma; 1585 by Satish Chandra |
| Amar Singh I of Mewar: Chittor returned, but its walls were not to be repaired | Jahangir (campaign led by Prince Khurram) | 1615 |
| Jai Singh of Mewar: gave up some parganas | Aurangzeb | 1681 |
Who resisted, who allied
| Dynasty | Resisted | Allied or served | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chauhans of Ranthambore and Jalore | Hammir; Kanhaddev | Ranthambore, Siwana and Jalore taken by Alauddin Khalji | |
| Mewar (Guhil-Sisodia) | Ratan Singh; Sanga; Udai Singh; Pratap; Amar Singh I till 1615; Raj Singh | Chittor lost in 1303, 1535 and 1568; peace in 1615 and 1681 | |
| Marwar (Rathores) | Maldev against Sher Shah; Chandrasen; Durgadas for Ajit Singh | Mota Raja Udai Singh (made ruler of Jodhpur by Akbar, 1583); Jaswant Singh | Jodhpur taken back in 1707 |
| Bikaner (Rathores) | Jaitsi against Kamran | Kalyanmal; Rai Singh | Rai Singh fought in Akbar's Gujarat and Kandahar campaigns |
| Amer (Kachhwahas) | Bharmal, Bhagwant Das, Man Singh, Mirza Raja Jai Singh | Under Akbar, Bhagwant Das rose to a mansab of 5,000 and Man Singh to 7,000 | |
| Bundi (Hadas) | Surjan Hada at Ranthambore | Surjan Hada after 1569 | Surjan served Akbar (his mansab: Other dynasties page, Hadas) |
Remember: often mixed up
- Raj Singh and Rai SinghRaj Singh of Mewar opposed Aurangzeb · Rai Singh of Bikaner served Akbar.
- Sher Shah and BaburGiri-Sumel (1544) was against Sher Shah Suri · Khanwa (1527) was against Babur.
- Jahangir's motherHarkha Bai of Amer (Mariam-uz-Zamani) · tradition calls her Jodha Bai, but Jodha Bai (Jagat Gosain) of Jodhpur was Jahangir's wife, mother of Khurram.
- Salim's Rajput wivesManbai of Amer, mother of Khusrau · Jagat Gosain of Jodhpur, mother of Khurram (Shah Jahan).
Test yourself: asked in exams
Protection Officer 2022 · Q126
Who among the following Rajput rulers revolted against the Mughal Emperor ?
- (1)Maharaja Anup Singh of Bikaner
- (2)Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar
- (3)Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar
- (4)Maharaja Bishan Singh of Amer
Show answer
✓ (3) Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar
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