At a glance
- Barah Kotri ('Barah Kothari' in the paper): the twelve leading noble houses of the Kachhwahas, nine from Prithviraj's sons and three from older branches; RPSC's key (Protection Officer 2024) links it to Amer.
- First Rajput ruler to accept Mughal suzerainty: Bharmal, 1562.
- Capitals: Dausa, then Jamwa Ramgarh, then Amer, then Jaipur.
- Kuldevi: Jamwa Mata, at Jamwa Ramgarh.
Origin and the move to Amer
- The Kachhwahas trace their descent to Kush, son of Rama.
- Dulherai (Dulha Rai) set up the Kachhwaha state in Dhundhar after defeating the Badgujars. He took Manchi from the Meenas, renamed it Ramgarh (Jamwa Ramgarh) and made it his capital.
- Kokildev (Kakil), Dulherai's successor, took Amer from the Meenas.
- Dates differ: the RBSE book gives 1137 for Dulherai's new state and 1207 for Kokildev taking Amer; Jadunath Sarkar puts Kakil's succession about 1070 and treats the dates of the clan chronicles as unreliable.
Rulers of Amer and Jaipur
- PrithvirajBarah KotriReign1503–1527Known forRana Sanga's vassal; fought Babur at Khanwa (1527)
- BharmalMughal allianceReign1547 or 1548 to 1573 or 1574Known forPrithviraj's son; Akbar's ally from 1562
- Bhagwant Das (Bhagwan Das)Man Singh's fatherReign1573 or 1574 to 1589Known forBharmal's eldest son; fought for Akbar at Sarnal (1572)
- Man Singh IAkbar's generalReign1589–1614Known forHaldighati 1576; governor of Kabul, Bihar and BengalFull notes →
- Bhau SinghMan Singh's younger sonReign1614–1621
- Mirza Raja Jai Singh IPurandar 1665Reign1621–1667
- Sawai Jai Singh IIJantar MantarReign1700–1743 (1699 in some accounts)Known forFounded Jaipur, 1727; five observatoriesFull notes →
- Ishwari SinghRajmahal 1747Reign1743–1750
- Madho Singh ISawai MadhopurReign1750 or 1751 to 1768
- Sawai Pratap SinghTunga 1787Reign1778–1803Known forHawa Mahal, 1799: see the temples and palaces notes
Between the two Jai Singhs came Ram Singh I (1667–1688) and Bishan Singh (1688–1699), Sawai Jai Singh II's father. After Madho Singh I came his son Prithvi Singh II (1768–1778), Pratap Singh's elder brother.
Bharmal and the Mughal alliance
- January 1562: Bharmal met Akbar at Sanganer, on Akbar's journey to Ajmer.
- February 1562: on Akbar's way back, Bharmal's daughter Harkhabai, later called Mariam-uz-Zamani, married him at Sambhar; she was Jahangir's mother.
- His son Bhagwant Das and grandson Man Singh then entered Akbar's service.
- Akbar's Rajput policy and the houses that followed Amer: see the Rajputs, Sultanate and Mughals notes.
Mirza Raja Jai Singh I
| Ruled | 1621–1667; came to the throne as a boy of ten or eleven |
|---|---|
| Family | Son of Maha Singh; followed his grand-uncle Bhau Singh |
| Served | Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb |
| Title Mirza Raja | From Shah Jahan: 1637 in the RBSE book, 20 April 1639 in Jadunath Sarkar |
| Treaty of Purandar | 11 June 1665, with Shivaji, after the siege of Purandar fort: 23 forts went to the Mughals and Shivaji kept 12 |
| Died | 28 August 1667 at Burhanpur; his son Ram Singh I followed him |
| Court poet | Bihari, who wrote the Satsai, about 700 couplets |
Ishwari Singh and Madho Singh I
| Event | Date | What happened |
|---|---|---|
| The claim | 1743 | On Sawai Jai Singh II's death his son Ishwari Singh took the throne. Madho Singh, Jai Singh's son by a Mewar princess, claimed it under the 1708 agreement that such a son would succeed, backed by Maharana Jagat Singh II |
| Rajmahal | 1–2 March 1747 | Ishwari Singh's army defeated Madho Singh and his allies: Mewar, Kota, Bundi's Ummed Singh and Holkar's Marathas. Rajmahal is on the Banas, near Deoli |
| Bagru | August 1748 | Madho Singh came back with Holkar's Marathas and Bundi. After six days of fighting Ishwari Singh agreed to give him five parganas and to hand Bundi to Ummed Singh |
| Ishwari Singh's death | 12 December 1750 | He took his own life as Holkar's army neared Jaipur, and Madho Singh became ruler |
- 1763: Madho Singh I founded Sawai Madhopur. He died in 1768.
Sawai Pratap Singh
| Ruled | 1778–1803; followed his elder brother Prithvi Singh II; both were sons of Madho Singh I |
|---|---|
| Tunga, 28 July 1787 | Jaipur and Marwar against Mahadji Scindia; also called the battle of Lalsot. Neither side won on the field; the Rajputs claimed a victory, but Mahadji's campaign failed and he withdrew |
| Pen name | Brijnidhi, as a poet |
| Painting | The Jaipur school under him: see the painting schools notes |
Remember: often mixed up
- Two Jai SinghsMirza Raja Jai Singh I (1621–1667), Treaty of Purandar 1665 · Sawai Jai Singh II (1700–1743), founded Jaipur 1727.
- Mirza RajaAkbar gave the title to Man Singh I · Jahangir to Bhau Singh · Shah Jahan to Jai Singh I.
- Three Man SinghsMan Singh I of Amer, Akbar's general (1589–1614) · Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur, first Rajpramukh of Rajasthan · Maharaja Man Singh of Jodhpur, Mahamandir (1812).
- Rajmahal or BagruRajmahal 1747, Ishwari Singh's victory · Bagru 1748, five parganas for Madho Singh.
Test yourself: asked in exams
Protection Officer 2024 · Q1
'Barah Kothari' is related to which State among the following?
- (1)Ajmer
- (2)Mewar
- (3)Amer
- (4)Bhinmal
Show answer
✓ (3) Amer
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