20 questionswith explanationsfor RPSC School Lecturer (Special Education)
What is the full form of IEP in special education?
Answer: (2) Individualized Education Programme
Explanation
IEP stands for Individualized Education Programme, a written plan of goals, services and supports tailored to a child with a disability.
Breaking a complex skill into smaller, sequential steps that are taught one by one is called:
Answer: (3) Task analysis
Explanation
Task analysis breaks a complex skill into small, teachable, sequential steps, and is widely used for children with intellectual disabilities.
Which teaching-learning material is most suitable for teaching geography maps to a totally blind student?
Answer: (4) Tactile (embossed) map
Explanation
Tactile or embossed maps have raised lines and textures that a blind learner can explore by touch.
A strategy in which one student teaches or helps a classmate under the teacher's guidance is known as:
Answer: (3) Peer tutoring
Explanation
Peer tutoring pairs students so that one helps the other learn; it is an effective strategy in inclusive classrooms.
The three principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) are multiple means of:
Answer: (1) Engagement, representation, and action & expression
Explanation
UDL, developed by CAST, calls for multiple means of engagement, representation, and action & expression so that curriculum suits all learners.
Which of the following is commonly used to teach arithmetic to visually impaired students?
Answer: (4) Cranmer abacus
Explanation
The Cranmer abacus has beads that stay in position, allowing visually impaired students to calculate by touch.
The Taylor frame is used by visually impaired students mainly for:
Answer: (2) Arithmetic and algebra calculations
Explanation
The Taylor frame is a metal frame with star-shaped holes into which type pieces are placed to perform arithmetic and algebra.
Reinforcing successive approximations of a target behaviour until the final behaviour is achieved is called:
Answer: (2) Shaping
Explanation
Shaping, a behaviour modification technique, reinforces closer and closer approximations of the target behaviour.
The instructional concept of 'scaffolding' is most closely linked with which theorist's Zone of Proximal Development?
Answer: (4) Lev Vygotsky
Explanation
Scaffolding is temporary support that helps a learner perform within Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development.
In backward chaining, the teacher first teaches the learner:
Answer: (1) The last step of the task
Explanation
In backward chaining the adult completes all earlier steps and the learner is taught the final step first, then earlier steps are added one by one.
The Fernald method, which uses tracing words while saying them aloud, is an example of which approach for children with reading difficulties?
Answer: (3) Multisensory (VAKT) approach
Explanation
Grace Fernald's method is a multisensory VAKT (visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, tactile) technique used with learners who have dyslexia.
Using a child's preferred, high-probability activity as a reward for completing a less-preferred, low-probability activity is known as:
Answer: (1) Premack principle
Explanation
The Premack principle ('first work, then play') uses a high-probability behaviour to reinforce a low-probability behaviour.
Through which law was the Individualized Education Programme (IEP) first made a legal requirement for children with disabilities?
Answer: (2) Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1975 (USA)
Explanation
The US Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1975 (Public Law 94-142) made a written IEP mandatory for every eligible child.
Which component of an IEP describes what the child can currently do academically and functionally, and forms the basis for writing goals?
Answer: (4) Present level of performance
Explanation
The present level of (academic and functional) performance is the starting point of an IEP; goals are written from it.
Consider the following statements about the IEP: 1. Parents are members of the IEP team. 2. Once prepared, an IEP cannot be changed until the child moves to the next class. 3. An IEP is reviewed periodically, at least once a year. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: (3) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Parents are core IEP team members and the IEP is a flexible document reviewed at least annually; it can be revised whenever needed.
Arrange the steps of developing an IEP in the correct order: 1. Implementing the programme 2. Assessing the child's present level 3. Evaluation and review 4. Setting goals and objectives
Answer: (3) 2, 4, 1, 3
Explanation
An IEP begins with assessment, then goals are set, the plan is implemented, and finally progress is evaluated and reviewed.
In writing IEP objectives using the SMART criteria, the letter 'M' stands for:
Answer: (4) Measurable
Explanation
SMART objectives are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound.
A teacher gives a student with low vision large-print question papers and extra time, while the content and learning outcomes remain the same as for the rest of the class. This is an example of:
Answer: (2) Accommodation
Explanation
An accommodation changes how a student learns or is assessed without changing what is expected; a modification changes the content or standard itself.
In the 'nine types of curriculum adaptations' (Deschenes, Ebeling and Sprague), allowing a student with writing difficulty to answer orally or by pointing instead of writing is an adaptation of:
Answer: (1) Output
Explanation
Output adaptation changes how the learner responds; input adaptation changes how instruction is delivered to the learner.
The model of Differentiated Instruction for mixed-ability classrooms is most closely associated with:
Answer: (3) Carol Ann Tomlinson
Explanation
Carol Ann Tomlinson developed and popularised the Differentiated Instruction model.