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Nutrition & diseases MCQ with Answers

15 questionswith explanationsfor RAS, Patwari, VDO and other Rajasthan exams

Questions

Q1

Match List-I (Vitamin) with List-II (Deficiency disease/condition): List-I: A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B1 C. Vitamin B3 D. Vitamin K List-II: 1. Pellagra 2. Delayed blood clotting 3. Night blindness 4. Beriberi Select the correct code:

  1. (1)A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
  2. (2)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  3. (3)A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
  4. (4)A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Answer: (1) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

Explanation

Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, B1 (thiamine) beriberi, B3 (niacin) pellagra, and K deficiency delays blood clotting.

Q2

Which vitamin contains the mineral cobalt?

  1. (1)Vitamin A
  2. (2)Vitamin E
  3. (3)Vitamin B6
  4. (4)Vitamin B12

Answer: (4) Vitamin B12

Explanation

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) has cobalt at its centre; its deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.

Q3

Consider the following statements: 1. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble. 2. Water-soluble vitamins are generally stored in large amounts in the body. 3. Vitamin E is chemically known as tocopherol. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (1)1 and 2 only
  2. (2)2 and 3 only
  3. (3)1 and 3 only
  4. (4)1, 2 and 3

Answer: (3) 1 and 3 only

Explanation

A, D, E and K are fat-soluble and vitamin E is tocopherol; water-soluble vitamins (B, C) are mostly excreted, not stored, so they are needed regularly.

Q4

Deficiency of which mineral in the diet causes goitre?

  1. (1)Fluorine
  2. (2)Iodine
  3. (3)Calcium
  4. (4)Potassium

Answer: (2) Iodine

Explanation

Iodine is needed to make thyroid hormones; its deficiency enlarges the thyroid (goitre).

Q5

Which mineral is an essential component of haemoglobin?

  1. (1)Magnesium
  2. (2)Copper
  3. (3)Iron
  4. (4)Sodium

Answer: (3) Iron

Explanation

Each haem group of haemoglobin contains iron, which binds oxygen; iron deficiency causes anaemia.

Q6

Kwashiorkor in children is caused mainly by a deficiency of:

  1. (1)Protein
  2. (2)Carbohydrates
  3. (3)Fats
  4. (4)Dietary fibre

Answer: (1) Protein

Explanation

Kwashiorkor results from protein deficiency even when calories may be adequate; marasmus results from deficiency of both protein and calories.

Q7

Match List-I (Disease) with List-II (Type of pathogen): List-I: A. Tuberculosis B. Measles C. Ringworm D. Kala-azar List-II: 1. Virus 2. Bacterium 3. Protozoan 4. Fungus Select the correct code:

  1. (1)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  2. (2)A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  3. (3)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
  4. (4)A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Answer: (4) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Explanation

TB is bacterial (Mycobacterium), measles viral, ringworm fungal, and kala-azar is caused by the protozoan Leishmania.

Q8

Dengue is transmitted to humans by the bite of which mosquito?

  1. (1)Anopheles
  2. (2)Aedes
  3. (3)Culex
  4. (4)Mansonia

Answer: (2) Aedes

Explanation

Dengue virus is spread mainly by the day-biting Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Q9

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

  1. (1)Cholera
  2. (2)Typhoid
  3. (3)Rabies
  4. (4)Leprosy

Answer: (3) Rabies

Explanation

Rabies is caused by the rabies virus; cholera, typhoid and leprosy are bacterial diseases.

Q10

In October 2024, the World Health Organization declared that India had eliminated which infectious eye disease, once a leading cause of blindness, as a public health problem?

  1. (1)Trachoma
  2. (2)Conjunctivitis
  3. (3)Glaucoma
  4. (4)Cataract

Answer: (1) Trachoma

Explanation

WHO validated India's elimination of trachoma, an eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, in October 2024.

Q11

Mission Indradhanush, launched by the Government of India in December 2014, is related to:

  1. (1)Free diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients
  2. (2)Iron and folic acid supplements for adolescent girls
  3. (3)Cashless health insurance cover for poor families
  4. (4)Full immunisation of children and pregnant women

Answer: (4) Full immunisation of children and pregnant women

Explanation

Mission Indradhanush (launched 25 December 2014) targets unvaccinated and partly vaccinated children and pregnant women to raise full immunisation coverage.

Q12

POSHAN Abhiyaan was launched on 8 March 2018 from which district of Rajasthan?

  1. (1)Jaipur
  2. (2)Jhunjhunu
  3. (3)Ajmer
  4. (4)Bikaner

Answer: (2) Jhunjhunu

Explanation

The Prime Minister launched POSHAN Abhiyaan on International Women's Day, 8 March 2018, at Jhunjhunu.

Q13

Consider the following statements: 1. In 2023, the Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres were renamed 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'. 2. The National Health Mission has two sub-missions: the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (1)1 only
  2. (2)2 only
  3. (3)Both 1 and 2
  4. (4)Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (3) Both 1 and 2

Explanation

Both are correct: HWCs were rebranded Ayushman Arogya Mandir in 2023, and NHM comprises NRHM and NUHM.

Q14

Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?

  1. (1)Tuberculosis
  2. (2)Hepatitis B
  3. (3)Typhoid
  4. (4)Diabetes mellitus

Answer: (4) Diabetes mellitus

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus does not spread from person to person; the others are infections caused by pathogens.

Q15

In which year did the WHO certify India, along with its South-East Asia Region, as polio-free?

  1. (1)2011
  2. (2)2014
  3. (3)2012
  4. (4)2016

Answer: (2) 2014

Explanation

India's last wild polio case was in January 2011; WHO certified the region, including India, polio-free on 27 March 2014.