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Natural hazards & disaster management MCQ with Answers

15 questionswith explanationsfor RAS, Patwari, VDO and other Rajasthan exams

Questions

Q1

Match List-I (body under the Disaster Management Act, 2005) with List-II (its chairperson): A. National Disaster Management Authority B. State Disaster Management Authority C. District Disaster Management Authority D. National Executive Committee 1. Chief Minister 2. Prime Minister 3. Union Home Secretary 4. District Collector / District Magistrate

  1. (1)A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  2. (2)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
  3. (3)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  4. (4)A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Answer: (4) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Explanation

Under the DM Act 2005, NDMA is chaired by the Prime Minister, SDMA by the Chief Minister, DDMA by the District Collector/DM, and the National Executive Committee by the Union Home Secretary.

Q2

Under which section of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 is the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) constituted?

  1. (1)Section 42
  2. (2)Section 44
  3. (3)Section 46
  4. (4)Section 51

Answer: (2) Section 44

Explanation

Section 44 of the DM Act 2005 provides for the NDRF; Section 42 deals with the National Institute of Disaster Management and Section 46 with the National Disaster Response Fund.

Q3

Consider the following statements about the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: 1. It was adopted in 2015 at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Japan. 2. It succeeded the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015). 3. It sets out four global targets to be achieved by 2030. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (1)1 and 2 only
  2. (2)2 and 3 only
  3. (3)1 and 3 only
  4. (4)1, 2 and 3

Answer: (1) 1 and 2 only

Explanation

The Sendai Framework (2015–2030), adopted at the Third UN World Conference on DRR in Sendai, succeeded the Hyogo Framework; it has seven global targets and four priorities for action, so statement 3 is wrong.

Q4

The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC), operated by INCOIS, is located at:

  1. (1)Chennai
  2. (2)Pune
  3. (3)Hyderabad
  4. (4)Visakhapatnam

Answer: (3) Hyderabad

Explanation

The ITEWC was set up in 2007 at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Q5

Match List-I (local name of tropical cyclone) with List-II (region): A. Hurricane B. Typhoon C. Willy-willy D. Cyclone 1. Indian Ocean 2. Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea 3. North-west Pacific (China Sea) 4. North-western Australia

  1. (1)A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
  2. (2)A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
  3. (3)A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
  4. (4)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Answer: (4) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Explanation

Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in the Atlantic, typhoons in the north-west Pacific, willy-willies in north-western Australia and cyclones in the Indian Ocean.

Q6

The 'eye' at the centre of a mature tropical cyclone is a region of:

  1. (1)Strongest winds and the heaviest rainfall
  2. (2)Calm weather and the lowest surface pressure
  3. (3)Highest surface pressure and cold air
  4. (4)Thick cumulonimbus clouds and hail

Answer: (2) Calm weather and the lowest surface pressure

Explanation

The eye is a calm area of sinking air with the lowest pressure; the strongest winds and heaviest rain occur in the eyewall around it.

Q7

Which body serves as the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) that assigns names to tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean?

  1. (1)India Meteorological Department, New Delhi
  2. (2)Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Hawaii
  3. (3)Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Dhaka
  4. (4)Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo

Answer: (1) India Meteorological Department, New Delhi

Explanation

IMD's RSMC New Delhi names cyclones over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea from a list contributed by the member countries of the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones.

Q8

According to the Rashtriya Barh Aayog (National Commission on Floods, 1980), the flood-prone area of India is about:

  1. (1)20 million hectares
  2. (2)60 million hectares
  3. (3)40 million hectares
  4. (4)80 million hectares

Answer: (3) 40 million hectares

Explanation

The Rashtriya Barh Aayog assessed about 40 million hectares, roughly one-eighth of India's geographical area, as flood-prone.

Q9

When soil moisture and rainfall are inadequate to support healthy crop growth during the growing season, the condition is termed:

  1. (1)Meteorological drought
  2. (2)Hydrological drought
  3. (3)Agricultural drought
  4. (4)Ecological drought

Answer: (3) Agricultural drought

Explanation

Agricultural drought (soil-moisture drought) occurs when low soil moisture and rainfall lead to crop stress and failure.

Q10

As per the Landslide Atlas of India (2023) released by ISRO's National Remote Sensing Centre, which district ranked highest in landslide risk exposure?

  1. (1)Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand)
  2. (2)Thrissur (Kerala)
  3. (3)Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh)
  4. (4)Rudraprayag (Uttarakhand)

Answer: (4) Rudraprayag (Uttarakhand)

Explanation

The NRSC Landslide Atlas (2023) ranked Rudraprayag highest in landslide risk exposure, followed by Tehri Garhwal.

Q11

Consider the following statements about earthquakes: 1. The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake and is logarithmic. 2. The Modified Mercalli scale measures the intensity of an earthquake on the basis of observed effects and damage. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (1)1 only
  2. (2)2 only
  3. (3)Both 1 and 2
  4. (4)Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (3) Both 1 and 2

Explanation

The Richter scale is a logarithmic measure of the energy released (magnitude), while the Mercalli scale (I–XII) rates intensity from observed effects.

Q12

Arrange the following earthquakes of India in chronological order (earliest first): 1. Bhuj (Gujarat) 2. Latur (Maharashtra) 3. Sikkim 4. Uttarkashi (Uttarakhand)

  1. (1)2, 4, 1, 3
  2. (2)4, 2, 1, 3
  3. (3)4, 1, 2, 3
  4. (4)2, 1, 4, 3

Answer: (2) 4, 2, 1, 3

Explanation

Uttarkashi (October 1991), Latur (September 1993), Bhuj (January 2001) and Sikkim (September 2011).

Q13

The Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004 was triggered by an undersea earthquake off the coast of:

  1. (1)Sumatra (Indonesia)
  2. (2)Java (Indonesia)
  3. (3)Sri Lanka
  4. (4)Myanmar

Answer: (1) Sumatra (Indonesia)

Explanation

A magnitude 9.1 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra caused the 2004 tsunami, which also struck India's eastern coast and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Q14

In India, which Union ministry is the nodal ministry for drought management?

  1. (1)Ministry of Home Affairs
  2. (2)Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
  3. (3)Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
  4. (4)Ministry of Jal Shakti

Answer: (2) Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Explanation

The Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare is the nodal agency for drought management (it issued the Manual for Drought Management, 2016), while the Ministry of Home Affairs handles most other natural disasters.

Q15

According to the India Meteorological Department, a cloudburst is an event of rainfall of about ______ or more in one hour over a small area of roughly 20–30 sq km.

  1. (1)10 mm
  2. (2)25 mm
  3. (3)50 mm
  4. (4)100 mm

Answer: (4) 100 mm

Explanation

IMD defines a cloudburst as about 100 mm (10 cm) or more of rain in an hour over a small area of about 20–30 sq km.