20 questions·with explanations·for RAS, Patwari, VDO and other Rajasthan exams
Questions
Q1
The COP30 climate conference held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025 adopted a cover decision called the 'Global Mutirão'. This decision called for at least tripling which of the following by 2035?
(1)Renewable energy capacity
(2)Adaptation finance✓ Correct answer
(3)Energy-efficiency improvement rate
(4)Area under forest restoration
Answer: (2) Adaptation finance
Explanation
The Global Mutirão decision of COP30 (November 2025) urged tripling adaptation finance by 2035. Tripling renewable capacity by 2030 was a COP28 (Dubai) goal.
Q2
Under an arrangement agreed at COP30 in November 2025, COP31 (2026) is to be hosted by Türkiye in Antalya. Which country was given the role of 'President of Negotiations' for COP31?
(1)Fiji
(2)Brazil
(3)Indonesia
(4)Australia✓ Correct answer
Answer: (4) Australia
Explanation
Australia withdrew its hosting bid; Türkiye hosts COP31 in Antalya while Australia's minister chairs the negotiations as President of Negotiations.
Q3
Consider the following statements about the G20 Leaders' Summit held in Johannesburg on 22-23 November 2025:
1. It was the first G20 summit held on the African continent.
2. The leaders' declaration was adopted only on the final day, after the United States joined the consensus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(1)1 only✓ Correct answer
(2)2 only
(3)Both 1 and 2
(4)Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (1) 1 only
Explanation
Johannesburg hosted the first G20 summit in Africa. The US boycotted it, and the declaration was adopted at the start of the summit, not the end.
Q4
At the 47th ASEAN Summit held in Kuala Lumpur in October 2025, which country was formally admitted as the 11th member of ASEAN?
(1)Papua New Guinea
(2)Sri Lanka
(3)Timor-Leste✓ Correct answer
(4)Mongolia
Answer: (3) Timor-Leste
Explanation
Timor-Leste joined ASEAN as its 11th member on 26 October 2025, the grouping's first expansion since 1999.
Q5
In November 2025, Egypt's Khaled El-Enany was elected Director-General of UNESCO at the organisation's 43rd General Conference. In which city was this General Conference held?
(1)Tashkent
(2)Samarkand✓ Correct answer
(3)Paris
(4)Riyadh
Answer: (2) Samarkand
Explanation
The 43rd UNESCO General Conference was held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, where El-Enany was elected; he is the first Arab to head UNESCO.
Q6
India hosted the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12-13 September 2026. India's 2026 BRICS chairship theme, built on the acronym BRICS, was:
(1)Bridging Resources, Innovation, Connectivity and Security
(2)Building Resilience, Inclusion, Climate action and Solidarity
(3)Bolstering Reform, Investment, Cooperation and Stability
(4)Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability✓ Correct answer
Answer: (4) Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability
Explanation
India's 2026 BRICS chairship theme was 'Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability'; the summit at Bharat Mandapam adopted the New Delhi Declaration.
Q7
On 27 January 2026, at a summit held in New Delhi, India announced the conclusion of a free trade agreement, described as the 'mother of all deals', with which partner?
(1)European Union✓ Correct answer
(2)United Kingdom
(3)ASEAN
(4)Gulf Cooperation Council
Answer: (1) European Union
Explanation
India and the EU announced the conclusion of their FTA at the India-EU Summit in New Delhi on 27 January 2026; talks had begun in 2007.
Q8
Match List-I (trade partner of India) with List-II (event):
List-I: A. EFTA B. Oman C. New Zealand
List-II: 1. Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement signed in Muscat in December 2025 2. Free trade agreement negotiations concluded in December 2025 3. Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement entered into force on 1 October 2025
Choose the correct code:
(1)A-1, B-3, C-2
(2)A-3, B-2, C-1
(3)A-3, B-1, C-2✓ Correct answer
(4)A-2, B-1, C-3
Answer: (3) A-3, B-1, C-2
Explanation
India-EFTA TEPA came into force on 1 October 2025; India-Oman CEPA was signed in Muscat on 18 December 2025; India-New Zealand FTA talks concluded on 22 December 2025.
Q9
In the presidential run-off election held in Chile on 14 December 2025, who was elected President of Chile?
(1)Jeannette Jara
(2)José Antonio Kast✓ Correct answer
(3)Gabriel Boric
(4)Evelyn Matthei
Answer: (2) José Antonio Kast
Explanation
José Antonio Kast of the Republican Party defeated Jeannette Jara with about 58% of the vote and took office on 11 March 2026, succeeding Gabriel Boric.
Q10
Catherine Connolly, an independent backed by several left-wing parties, won the presidential election held in Ireland in October 2025. She became Ireland's:
(1)8th President
(2)9th President
(3)11th President
(4)10th President✓ Correct answer
Answer: (4) 10th President
Explanation
Connolly won about 63% of first-preference votes, defeating Fine Gael's Heather Humphreys, and became the 10th President of Ireland (the third woman), succeeding Michael D. Higgins.
Q11
According to the World Happiness Report 2026, released in March 2026, which country was ranked the happiest for the ninth consecutive year, and what was India's rank?
(1)Finland; 116th✓ Correct answer
(2)Denmark; 118th
(3)Finland; 126th
(4)Iceland; 116th
Answer: (1) Finland; 116th
Explanation
Finland topped the World Happiness Report 2026 for the ninth year in a row; India improved to 116th from 118th in 2025.
Q12
The 52nd G7 Summit, to which India was among the invited countries, was held on 15-17 June 2026 in which French town?
(1)Biarritz
(2)Deauville
(3)Évian-les-Bains✓ Correct answer
(4)Cannes
Answer: (3) Évian-les-Bains
Explanation
France hosted the 2026 G7 Summit at Évian-les-Bains, which had also hosted the G8 summit in 2003; Biarritz (2019) and Deauville (2011) hosted earlier French summits.
Q13
Which party won a two-thirds majority in the general election held in Bangladesh on 12 February 2026, the first since the fall of the Sheikh Hasina government in 2024?
(1)Jamaat-e-Islami
(2)Bangladesh Nationalist Party✓ Correct answer
(3)Awami League
(4)Jatiya Party
Answer: (2) Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Explanation
The BNP-led alliance won a landslide and its chief Tarique Rahman was sworn in as Prime Minister on 17 February 2026; the Awami League was barred from contesting.
Q14
After the snap general election held in Nepal on 5 March 2026, Balendra (Balen) Shah was sworn in as Prime Minister on 27 March 2026. Which party won the election under his leadership?
(1)Rastriya Swatantra Party✓ Correct answer
(2)Nepali Congress
(3)CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
(4)Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Answer: (1) Rastriya Swatantra Party
Explanation
The Rastriya Swatantra Party won 182 of 275 seats in the House of Representatives, the first election after the 2025 Gen Z protests.
Q15
On 21 October 2025, Sanae Takaichi was elected by Japan's National Diet as the country's first woman Prime Minister. She leads which party?
(1)Constitutional Democratic Party
(2)Komeito
(3)Nippon Ishin no Kai
(4)Liberal Democratic Party✓ Correct answer
Answer: (4) Liberal Democratic Party
Explanation
Takaichi became LDP president on 4 October 2025 and was elected Prime Minister on 21 October 2025, governing with support from Nippon Ishin.
Q16
On 18 December 2025, the UN General Assembly elected Barham Salih, a former President of Iraq, to a five-year term beginning 1 January 2026 as head of which UN body?
(1)UN Development Programme
(2)UN Children's Fund
(3)UN Refugee Agency✓ Correct answer
(4)UN Relief and Works Agency
Answer: (3) UN Refugee Agency
Explanation
Barham Salih was elected UN High Commissioner for Refugees, heading the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), succeeding Filippo Grandi from 1 January 2026.
Q17
On 1 January 2026, which country adopted the euro, becoming the 21st member of the eurozone?
(1)Bulgaria✓ Correct answer
(2)Romania
(3)Croatia
(4)Poland
Answer: (1) Bulgaria
Explanation
Bulgaria replaced the lev with the euro on 1 January 2026, becoming the 21st euro-area member; Croatia had joined as the 20th in 2023.
Q18
In June 2026, Khalilur Rahman was elected President of the 81st session of the UN General Assembly. Consider the following statements:
1. He is from Bangladesh.
2. This is the second time that his country has held the presidency of the UN General Assembly.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(1)1 only
(2)2 only
(3)Both 1 and 2✓ Correct answer
(4)Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (3) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Bangladesh's Foreign Minister Khalilur Rahman defeated Cyprus's candidate (99-91); Bangladesh had earlier presided over the 41st session in 1986-87.
Q19
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Heads of State summit marking 25 years of the organisation was held from 31 August to 1 September 2026 in which city?
(1)Astana
(2)Bishkek✓ Correct answer
(3)Tianjin
(4)Dushanbe
Answer: (2) Bishkek
Explanation
Kyrgyzstan hosted the 2026 SCO summit in Bishkek, which adopted the Bishkek Declaration; the 2025 summit was in Tianjin and the 2024 summit in Astana.
Q20
Arrange the following global AI summits in chronological order:
1. AI Impact Summit, New Delhi
2. AI Safety Summit, Bletchley Park
3. AI Action Summit, Paris
4. AI Seoul Summit
Select the correct code:
(1)2, 3, 4, 1
(2)4, 2, 3, 1
(3)2, 4, 1, 3
(4)2, 4, 3, 1✓ Correct answer
Answer: (4) 2, 4, 3, 1
Explanation
The series ran Bletchley Park (November 2023), Seoul (May 2024), Paris (February 2025) and New Delhi (February 2026).